Understanding Ankylosing Spondylitis
What is Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)?
Ankylosing Spondylitis is a long-term, inflammatory condition that mainly affects the spine and sacroiliac joints—where the pelvis meets the lower spine. It is a form of autoimmune arthritis, meaning the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues, leading to inflammation.
Over time, this inflammation can cause stiffness and pain in the spine. In more advanced stages, the bones in the spine may begin to fuse, leading to a loss of flexibility and a forward-stooped posture.
Because AS is a systemic condition, it can also affect other areas of the body. Some individuals may experience inflammation in the eyes (known as uveitis) or have digestive issues like irritable bowel symptoms.
What Causes Ankylosing Spondylitis?
The exact cause isn’t fully understood, but several factors may increase the risk of developing AS. Genetics seem to play a significant role, particularly in people who carry a specific gene marker known as HLA-B27. Other possible contributors include frequent gut infections, chronic stress, and immune system dysregulation.
AS is more commonly diagnosed in men, and symptoms often begin in late adolescence or early adulthood—typically between the ages of 17 and 45.
Common Signs and Symptoms
The most noticeable symptoms of AS include:
- Ongoing lower back pain and stiffness, especially after rest or in the early morning
- Improvement in symptoms with physical activity or movement
- Flare-ups where symptoms suddenly worsen, followed by periods of remission
- Pain or stiffness in other joints like the hips, shoulders, hands, feet, or ribs
- Reduced chest expansion and difficulty breathing in more advanced cases
Symptom severity can vary widely. Some people may only have occasional discomfort, while others may experience chronic, debilitating pain and stiffness.
How Physiotherapy Can Help
Physiotherapy plays an important role in managing Ankylosing Spondylitis. While there is currently no cure, regular physiotherapy can help relieve symptoms, maintain mobility, and improve overall quality of life.
Your physiotherapist will assess your posture, spinal flexibility, and joint function, then tailor an exercise program suited to your needs. This may include:
- Gentle mobility and stretching exercises
- Posture correction techniques
- Strengthening routines for supporting muscles
- Breathing exercises to maintain rib cage flexibility
Research consistently shows that regular movement and targeted exercise help reduce stiffness, improve posture, and support better breathing for those living with AS.
Important Note:
This information is intended for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for medical advice. If you have symptoms or concerns related to Ankylosing Spondylitis, please consult your GP, specialist, or physiotherapist for a thorough assessment and personalised care.