What is it?
The shoulder joint is supported by a ring of flexible, fibrous tissue called the glenohumeral labrum. This structure enhances the joint’s stability while still allowing the wide range of motion required in the shoulder. A common point of injury is where the biceps tendon attaches to the labrum. A tear in this area often follows a specific pattern known as a Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior (SLAP) tear.
What causes it?
SLAP tears can occur due to trauma, such as falling on an outstretched hand or dislocating the shoulder. They can also develop gradually from repetitive overhead movements or actions like throwing, which weaken the labrum over time. Traumatic tears tend to cause more noticeable symptoms, whereas gradual tears may develop silently without immediate signs.
What are the symptoms?
SLAP tears can result from either a sudden injury or repeated stress over time. In some cases, people may not realize they have a tear if it develops gradually and does not significantly affect their shoulder’s function or cause much pain. However, existing SLAP tears can put extra strain on the biceps tendon, potentially leading to overuse injuries.
When a tear happens suddenly, symptoms may be more pronounced. This can include deep shoulder pain, especially with overhead movements, weakness, or loss of power and precision in activities like throwing. Some may experience popping, clicking, or even shoulder instability. Severe tears may increase the risk of shoulder dislocation.
How can physiotherapy help?
Physiotherapists can assess and help diagnose SLAP tears and may refer you for imaging if necessary. SLAP tears are typically categorized into different severity levels, which guide treatment. In most cases, physiotherapy is the first line of treatment and can be effective in helping patients return to their normal activities without pain or limitation.
If physiotherapy doesn’t provide sufficient relief, surgery may be recommended. Surgical options include repairing the tear or performing a biceps tenodesis, where the tendon is reattached to the arm bone. After surgery, a period of rest in a sling is needed, followed by a rehabilitation program.
Please note: The information provided here is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a healthcare provider for personalised care.