What is FAI?
In a healthy hip joint, the acetabulum (socket) and femoral head (ball) glide smoothly without friction. However, alterations to either surface can lead to irritation as they interact, resulting in Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI). This common hip disorder manifests as pain and stiffness.
Types of FAI:
FAI can be categorized as cam, pincer, or mixed. Cam FAI involves a flattened femoral head junction or a small bump. Pincer FAI occurs when the acetabular rim extends, impacting the femur. Cam impingement is more prevalent in men, while pincer impingement is more common in women. However, about 85% of FAI cases are mixed, exhibiting both cam and pincer impingement.
Symptoms:
The primary symptom of FAI is hip or groin pain during certain positions or movements. Additional symptoms may include pain in the back, buttock, or thigh, stiffness, reduced hip movement range, locking, clicking, or a sensation of instability.
Causes:
Various factors can contribute to FAI, including:
- Hip dysplasia or malformation during infancy/childhood
- Repetitive hip stress
- Malunion of a femoral neck fracture
- Osteophytes (bony growths around the joint)
- Normal anatomical variations
How can physiotherapy help?
FAI management is multifaceted, with both surgical and non-surgical options available. Non-surgical approaches include core stability training, lower limb strengthening exercises focusing on the hip, and postural balance exercises to enhance hip neuromuscular function. Hydrotherapy can also be beneficial by reducing joint weight, easing movements. A tailored home exercise program complements in-clinic treatments. While many individuals find relief through physiotherapy alone, some may require surgery.
Surgical Intervention:
Hip arthroscopy is a common surgical procedure for FAI, aimed at reshaping the joint to eliminate points of irritation. Post-surgery, patients typically undergo rehabilitation through physiotherapy.
Note: This information is for educational purposes and not a substitute for medical advice. Consult a healthcare professional for personalized guidance on your condition.