Osteoporosis is a condition marked by significantly reduced bone mass or density. This occurs when the body either loses too much bone, fails to produce enough bone, or both. Bones affected by osteoporosis become weak and fragile, making them susceptible to fractures from minor impacts that would typically be harmless.
In addition to the loss of bone density and mass, osteoporotic bones may exhibit abnormal structural changes in the bone matrix, further contributing to their fragility.
Osteoporosis is a very common bone disease, with women being more frequently affected than men. This progressive disorder worsens with age, although its onset may begin earlier. Symptoms and diagnosis typically occur in individuals aged 50 and older.
What are the Signs and Symptoms?
Often referred to as a silent disease, many individuals with osteoporosis are unaware they have it, as there are no obvious symptoms. Frequently, the first indication of osteoporosis is a bone fracture. In addition to fractures, which are the most serious signs of the disease, osteoporosis can cause the upper back to become excessively hunched, often due to spinal wedge fractures, and there may be widespread pain as bone tissue becomes increasingly unable to withstand normal forces.
Fractures are a significant concern, especially among the elderly. Osteoporotic fractures most commonly occur in the wrist, spine, or hip. When the spine is affected, individuals may develop a hunched or stooped posture, which can lead to respiratory issues and place pressure on internal organs. Osteoporosis can severely impact mobility and independence, significantly affecting quality of life.
What Causes It?
As a metabolic disorder, osteoporosis can result from various factors that interfere with the body’s ability to produce bone tissue or promote excessive breakdown. This can include gastrointestinal conditions that hinder calcium absorption, insufficient dietary calcium, or low levels of vitamin D, which is crucial for calcium absorption.
Certain medications, especially long-term or high-dose usage, can also cause bone loss. A notable example is the prolonged use of steroids. Although steroids treat various conditions, they have been proven to cause bone loss and, eventually, osteoporosis.
Bones respond to force and weight-bearing activities by building more bone. Therefore, a sedentary lifestyle or low-impact activities can lead to osteoporosis, an issue observed among professional swimmers and cyclists.
How Can Physiotherapy Help?
Physiotherapy can enhance overall bone health, prevent or aid in recovering from fractures. Physiotherapy exercises can safely increase weight-bearing activities, helping to build bone mass. Balance training is also crucial, as it reduces the risk of falls. Physiotherapists can provide guidance on lifestyle adjustments at home or work to protect bones and improve posture.
The information provided in this newsletter is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a medical professional for guidance on your specific condition.