What is it?
Anterior ankle impingement occurs when the tissues at the front of the ankle become irritated from repeated pressure. This irritation can lead to pain and stiffness. Although anyone can develop this condition, it is most often seen in people who take part in activities that involve frequent or forceful upward movement of the foot—such as sprinting, jumping, or running on hills.
Common symptoms
The main symptom is pain at the front of the ankle. This may feel sharp during movement or like a dull ache after being active. Some people notice discomfort when standing, walking, or running. Other symptoms may include:
- Stiffness, especially in the morning or after rest
- Swelling around the ankle
- Night-time aching
- Reduced flexibility in the ankle joint
Why does it happen?
This condition develops when the front of the ankle is repeatedly compressed as the shin bone (tibia) and ankle bone (talus) move closer together. Over time, the soft tissues in this area can become inflamed and sore. Persistent inflammation can also lead to further stiffness, worsening the impingement.
A previous ankle sprain that didn’t fully heal is one of the most common contributors, as it can leave the ankle stiff or unstable. Small bony growths (osteophytes or “spurs”) may also form and put extra pressure on the surrounding tissues. Other factors that can increase the risk include tight muscles, poor-supporting footwear, training overload, or naturally flexible (hypermobile) ankles.
How can physiotherapy help?
Milder cases often improve within one to two weeks with rest and appropriate physiotherapy. More persistent symptoms may take several weeks to settle. In rare situations, surgery might be needed to remove bony spurs or other structures causing the impingement.
A physiotherapist can:
- Assess the underlying cause of your symptoms
- Advise on the right amount of rest and activity
- Provide exercises to improve strength, flexibility, and mobility
- Use hands-on techniques to reduce stiffness and restore normal movement
- Teach balance and proprioception exercises to reduce the risk of future injury
Physiotherapy is usually the first step before considering any surgical options. If surgery is required, your physiotherapist will guide you through a full rehabilitation program to support safe recovery.
This information is intended as a general guide only. Always seek personalised advice from a qualified healthcare professional regarding your specific condition.