What Is It?
The Achilles tendon is a strong band of fibrous tissue located at the back of the ankle, connecting the calf
muscles to the heel bone. It plays a crucial role in foot movement, allowing actions like standing on tiptoe or pointing the foot by pulling the heel when the calf muscles contract.
As the largest tendon in the body, the Achilles tendon is essential but also prone to injury. Tears can happen to anyone, though they are particularly common among athletes. Interestingly, complete tears are more frequent than partial ones.
Most tears occur in a section of the tendon with reduced blood flow, approximately 6 cm above its attachment to the heel. This limited blood supply makes the area more susceptible to injury and slower to heal.
Symptoms
An Achilles tendon tear can significantly affect mobility, making tasks like walking, running, or jumping challenging. Common signs and symptoms include:
- A sudden “pop” or snapping sound.
- Intense, sharp pain at the back of the ankle or calf.
- A sensation of being struck or kicked in the calf.
- A noticeable gap in the tendon about 2 inches above the heel.
- Swelling, stiffness, and subsequent weakness or bruising.
- Difficulty walking, particularly during the push-off phase.
- Inability to stand on tiptoe.
Causes
While any activity that overstretches or places excessive force on the Achilles tendon can cause a tear, certain factors elevate the risk. Running and jumping are the most frequent culprits.
With age or inactivity, the tendon can weaken, making it more prone to injury. Those with pre-existing Achilles tendinitis are also at a higher risk. Additional factors that increase susceptibility include:
- Certain medications, like antibiotics or steroids.
- Chronic health conditions such as diabetes or arthritis.
- Excess body weight, which adds strain to the tendon.
How Physiotherapy Can Help
Treatment for an Achilles tendon tear varies based on the severity of the injury, the patient’s age, and their activity level. While younger individuals, especially athletes, often opt for surgery, older adults may prefer non-surgical approaches, including physiotherapy.
Physiotherapy focuses on strengthening the calf muscles and the Achilles tendon through targeted exercises, alongside stability training. Many patients are able to resume normal activities within 4 to 6 months. Functional rehabilitation is another key component, emphasizing coordination and movement patterns to restore optimal performance.
None of the information in this newsletter is a replacement for proper medical advice. Always see a medical professional for advice on your individual injury.